Tuesday, May 31, 2011

Anak Dagang Di Perantauan

Anak Dagang Di Perantauan


Permatang rimba bersuluh terang,
Ranting bersilang taut pegaga;
Dagang hamba jauh di seberang,
Membanting tulang buat keluarga.

Ke Kuala Sedili mencari kerang,
Kerang di bawa di dalam perahu;
Sungguh jauh di rantau orang,
Menangis di hati siapa yang tahu.

Masam manis buah kuini,
Jangan pula makan melampau;
Walau berkurun aku disini,
Tapi masih dipandang perantau.

Air diangkut di dalam timba,
Menyiram bunga tanam merata;
Usah diikut rasanya hiba,
Rindu tak terubat dek airmata.

Bayang redup si pohon kelapa,
Tempat berteduh si anak rusa;
Dagang tidak membawa apa,
Mengapa pergi menanggung dosa.

Naik sampan nak ke seberang,
Pergi bersama dengan di dara;
Hamba dagang di negeri orang,
Jauh dari sanak saudara.

Puas saya menanam ubi,
Nenas juga ditanam orang;
Puas sudah kutanam budi,
Emas juga dipandang orang.

Lebat pinang di pinggir Kampung,
Masak setangkai letak di peti;
Sedih hati mengenang untung,
Jauh merantau mencari rezeki.

Anak puyuh patah lah kaki,
Memagut selasih dipinggir kali;
Susah payah dagang mencari rezeki,
Rahmat kasih Allah luas sekali.

Girangnya hati sang teruna,
Bertemu dara di hujung bendang;
Apalah ada pada hamba,
Rupa tiada harta pun kurang.

Burung ketitir membuat sarang,
Sarang dibuat dirumah tamu;
Hamba ini seorang pedagang,
Dagang untuk mencari ilmu.

Baik-baik meniti bendang,
Tanah yang lecak licin sekali;
Rupa tiada harta pun kurang,
Hanya ilmu penyuluh diri.

Burung terbang diatas perigi,
Sampan kolek penuh kelapa;
Mencari ilmu di tempat tinggi,
Namun asal ku tidak ku lupa.

Buah delima tingalnya satu,
Tempat bersarang semut dan kerengga;
Sunguh pun jauh beribu batu,
Namun yang tercinta dikenang juga.

Daun gelenggang pengubat santau,
Pohonnya condong tumbuh berjejeran;
Anak dagang asing di rantau,
Jangan lupakan desa kelahiran.

Silau persada berjejal bintang,
Indah purnama di Kuala Rusa;
Kalau tiada aral melintang,
Pulanglah jua hamba ke desa.


Sumber: melayu.com


Pantun Dagang Melarat


Apa digulai orang di ladang,
Pucuk kacang sela-bersela;
Apakah untung anak dagang,
Hari petang tangga berhela.

Orang Padang mandi ke gurun,
Mandi berlumur bunga lada;
Hari petang matahari turun,
Dagang berurai air mata.

Banyak kajang perkara kajang,
Kajang saya mengkuang layu;
Banyak dagang perkara dagang,
Dagang saya terbuang lalu.

Tanjung Katung jauh ke laut,
Nampak dari Belakang Mati;
Terapung-apung di tengah laut,
Dipukul ombak jatuh ke tepi.

Kain songket panjang sembilan,
Panjang serta kepalanya;
Tuan umpama pertama intan,
Saya menumpang akan cahayanya.

HISTORY OF MALAYA FLAG (LATER MALAYSIA IN 20TH CENTURY)


Malaya Flag Proposals 1947-1949 (Malaysia)


People's Flag, 1947

[Malaysia 1947 people's flag] 

image by Hairul Hisham, 6 June 2008

The People's Flag was officially used all over Malaya since 10 Dec 1947. According to Utusan Melayu newspaper, almost all big towns and small towns including Malacca, Johor Bahru, Kuantan, Sungai Siput, Alor Stra and Singapore had a flag ceremony.

The meaning of the symbol on the People's Flag is:
12 stars - 12 states in Malaya, i.e., 9 Malay states + 3 Straits Settlements (Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Terengganu, Perlis, Kelantan, Kedah, Johor + Pulau Pinang, Melaka, Singapura).
Yellow Color on Star - People's justice and sovereignty, constitution approved, imagine all states in peace and prosperity.
Five sided on the star - God, people's sovereignty, social justice, welfare, nationhood.
Red color - The peoples' bravery and power for the challenge; facing all obstacles; resistance in order to create justice and democracy in Malaya
White color - Struggle based on honesty and purity to obtain true freedom without any greed and bribery, but only with one ambition, i.e., our own government based on People's Sovereignty

Also: the red-white color represents Malaya's peoples and was chosen by PUETRA and AMCJA (both after Japanese Occupation resistance) because it is the Malay national flag color since Majapahit on 14th century (Same as the Indonesia flag.)
Adapted from : 10tahun.blogspot.com
Hairul Hisham, 6 June 2008

Flag Proposals 1949

Document, BT 11/4189, in the Public Record Office at Kew explains some of the thinking behind the design of the Malaysian Flag.
Federation of Malaya Order No.61 of 1949 announced that a committee had been set up to make recommendations for the design of a Federation Flag. A competition was organised with the suggestion that, in any design submitted, the flag should be simple, and have not more than four colours, which might perhaps be yellow, red, white and blue, the colours most frequently used in the flags of the nine states and two settlements of the federation. Suitable symbols would include the kris (a Malayan sword), tiger, and crescent.
A total of 373 entries were received. The committee chose three to put before the Legislative Council:
[Malaysia 1949 proposal] 
image by Eugene Ipavec, 7 September 2007
In the centre of a blue flag, two crossed red kris, surrounded by a circle of eleven white five pointed stars. (Crossed kris can be seen behind the anchor on the Malaysian naval ensign).
Explanation. Colours; red was found on six state/settlement flags, white on five, and blue on three, and all were colours of the Union Jack. Eleven stars of equal size, equally spaced, represented the states/settlements in no particular order, and each of equal importance. Kris was of great antiquity and peculiar to the Malayan archipelago, thus identifying the flag with Malaya.
[Malaysia 1949 proposal] 
image by Eugene Ipavec, 7 September 2007

Similar to the first proposal, but with the stars arranged in two concentric circles, one of six stars, outside one of five stars.
Explanation. The same as first proposal, with the inner circle of stars representing the Unfederated Malay States and the outer circle the four Federated States and two Settlements.
[Malaysia 1949 proposal] 
image by Eugene Ipavec, 21 October 2007
Six blue and five white horizontal stripes. A red canton half the length of the flag resting on top of the white stripe second from the bottom. A yellow five point star, oriented with one point in the six o'clock position, in the centre of the canton, and a yellow crescent, arranged like a C, between the star and the hoist.
Explanation. One stripe for each state or settlement. Yellow star and crescent represented sultanate monarchies of the states, and the religion of the states. The red field of the canton represented British protection and the complete red, white, blue associated the Federation with the Commonwealth.
[Malaysia 1949 proposal] 
image by Eugene Ipavec, 21 October 2007
Same as the third proposal, but with crossed kris instead of the crescent and star.
The newspaper Malay Mail published the designs and organised a poll. 42 percent favoured the third proposal, 27 percent wanted the fourth, with kris instead of the crescent and star, and 25 percent wanted a Union Jackincluded.
On 6 March 1950 the Federal Legislative Council decided that none of the designs were acceptable, and asked for a revised design that would be considered on 19 April. At this meeting the Council approved a revised version of (3) in which, the blue stripes were replaced by red stripes, the red canton was replaced by a blue canton, and the five point star was replaced by an eleven point star.
According to I.O. Evans writing in 1953 [eva57];
Its colours combine the traditional royal hue, gold, of the Sultans of Malaya with the red, white and blue of Britain; the eleven stripes and points on the star indicate that number of states in the Federation; the crescent and star form the traditional Mohammedan emblem.
The company producing the first batch of flags questioned the width of the canton, which was 7 stripes deep, when it could be 6 stripes deep and still more than half the width of the flag. The answer was that the stripes represented the unity of the states and settlements, and it was hoped that Singapore would join the Federation when an additional white stripe would be added to the bottom of the flag.
David Prothero, 2 May 2002



[Federation of Malaya 1950-1963 (Malaysia)]
 1:2 image by Clay Moss, 15 September 2006





Description

In 1950 a new flag was introduced: the basic design is that preserved in the modern flag, but 11 stripes and an 11-pointed star, representing the number of constituent states. In 1963 three more states (Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore) joined the federation and country's name changed to Malaysia. The common explanation for the addition of the 's' in the name is that all three new states start with this letter. The number of stripes on the flag was increased to 14 as was the numbers of points on the star.
The flag of Malaysia is a combination of traditional Islamic symbols and the Stars and Stripes. The 14 stripes and the 14 points of the star represents the 14 member states and the crescent and star represents the dominant religion Islam. The blue canton stands for affiliation to the Commonwealth. The dimension of the flag is 1:2.
Jan Oskar Engene
, 24 June 1996
The old Malayan (for the Federation of Malaya) flag was similar to the present day Malaysian flag except that the star and the stripes were 11 for the 11 states of Peninsular (or West) Malaysia. The flag was changed with the creation of Malaysia in 1963.
Thomas W. Koh, 14 May 1997
[Translated from the Malaysian flags official URL:]
History of the FlagThe flag was chosen by a body established in 1949 to choose a flag for the Federation of Malaya. A competition was held by the Federal Legislative Assembly, in which 373 entries were submitted of which 3 made it to the final stage. The first design was a badge of crossed kris circled with 11 five-pointed stars. The second design was similar to the first, except that the 11 stars were arranged in two circles around the crossed kris. The third design was 11 blue and white stripes with a yellow moon and star at the hoist.
The Malay Mail surveyed public opinion, and on 28/11/49 published the result, i.e. a majority for the third design, the creation of a government architect from Johore, En. Mohd b. Hamzah.
With a few amendments the flag attained the support of the Council of Rulers on 22/2/50 and on 19/4/50 the Federal LegCo passed a motion That in the opinion of this Council the Flag of the Federation of Malaya should be as follows:- Eleven horizontal stripes alternately red and white in colour, the uppermost stripe being red, having a blue quarter with a crescent and eleven-pointed star in yellow superimposed, the standard size of the flag to be six feet by three feet.
The design was approved by HM King George VI on 19/5/50, and the flag was first flown at a flag-raising ceremony held by the British High Commisisoner on 26/5/50 in the compound of the Sultan of Selangor's palace, attended by TH the Rulers of the Malay States and British officials.

Andrew Yong, 15 August 1999

Flag used at the 1950 British Empire Games

[Flag used at the 1950 British Empire Games (Federation of Malaya 1950-1963, Malaysia)] 
1:2
by António Martins and Dean Thomas
The flag shown here is a Union Flag defaced with the word 'MALAYA'. This flag was used by the Malaya team at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, New Zealand.
Dean Thomas
, 15 August 1999


Malaysia



[Malaysia] 
1:2  image by Clay Moss, 6 January 2006
Flag adopted 16th September 1963

Description

I came across an official Malaysian Year Book in my local library and it had 'official' descriptions of the Malaysian national and state flags as well as description of armorial ensigns, state emblems and other information like state anthems, history, rulers (as in 'sultans') etc.
The Malaysian National Flag consists of fourteen red and white stripes (along the fly) of equal width, a union or canton of dark blue, a crescent and a star. The red and white stripes stand for equal status in the federation of the member states and the federal government. The union or canton of dark blue represents the unity of the peoples of Malaysia. The union contains the crescent which is the symbol of Islam, and the star, the 14 points of which symbolise the unity of the 13 states of the federation with the federal government. The yellow of the crescent and the star is the royal colour of the Rulers.
Thomas W. Koh, 14 May 1997
The 14 stripes on the Malaysian flag represent the 14 states of Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Johor, Malacca, Negri Sembilan, Selangor, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak and the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan). The blue square represents the harmony of the people. The crescent symbolises Islam, the national religion and the colour yellow is the colour of royalty.
Giuseppe Bottasini
, 13 August 1997
[Translated from the Malaysian flags official URL:]
The dark blue stands for the unity of the Malaysian people. The crescent moon is a symbol of the official religion Islam. The 14 pointed star symbolises the unity of the 13 states and the federal government. The yellow is the colour of Their Highnesses the Rulers of the Malay States.
The rules for flying flags seem to be the same as in the UK, etc, except that in Malaysia state flags are flown in the honour position at state events and on state holidays. Also, the order of state flags is according to the precedence of their Rulers, which is according to seniority, sultans/rajas then governors.
Andrew Yong
, 15 August 1999Regarding the origin of the flag, I may not have the exact citation but growing up in Malaysia, the sporadic pieces of information on the origin of our national flag has seeped into our psyche. Here are some well know facts that may help explain why the uncanny resemblance to the Stars and Stripes:
  • Malaysia is a federation of previously independent states (not autonomous)
  • We are one of a handful states in the work that is constituted based on a federation model (like India, Australia, Canada, US)
  • Therefore, our founding fathers drew their inspiration from a handful of existing models at that time:
    o India has no element of "unity of elements" in its flag
    o Australia and Canada (old flag, pre '64) is too British with the Union Jack in it
    o The US was the post war hero, liberators and role model to the world on many fronts with a great federalist flag.
The Stars and Stripes was a natural choice. Similar themes where adhered to:
  • Each stripe represents one of the states (grew from 11 to 14)
  • The star has 14 pointed tips The symbol of equality and strength in unity is reflected in its design.
CW Wong, 8 August 2007

Origins of the Flag

Smith 1980 [smi80] says, "Blue was chosen for the Malaysian flag to show its association with the Commonwealth (...)". Pedersen 1971 [ped71] is more specific, "Dark blue is from the British flag and symbolizes the connexion with the Commonwealth". I noticed that two recent books, Dorling-Kindersley 1997 [udk97] and Znamierowski 1999 [zna99], have dropped the connection with the Commonwealth. I would not be surprised if the change in the 'meaning' of the blue colour were associated with the accession of Mahathir Muhamad to the power in July 1981. Mahathir has developed a nationalistic ideology and would like to be the 'champion' of South-East Asia. This could explain that the reference to the British Commonwealth was discarded.
Ivan Sache
, 23 April 2002
Document, BT 11/4189, in the Public Record Office at Kew explains some of the thinking behind the design of the Malaysian Flag. Federation of Malaya Order No.61 of 1949 announced that a committee had been set up to make recommendations for the design of a Federation Flag. (...)
David Prothero
, 2 May 2002
The colour blue on the flag may have represented the Commonwealth originally, but this is not the case now. Blue symbolises unity or perpaduan in Malay.
Nagathisen Katahenggam, 25 August 2002
Malaysia is a federation of monarchies and a member of the (British) Commonwealth. The use of red and white stripes to represent a federation is clearly a United States innovation, but early U.S. flag designers probably got the idea of red and white stripes from the flag of the British East India Company, whose ships were frequently seen in American ports. The Straits Settlements were an East India Company protectorate, and I suspect that the stripes on the Malaysian flag make reference to both their federation and their history with the East India Company.
Jonathan Makepeace
, 15 January 2003
The derivation of the US flag from the East India Company flag is widely posited but also disputed. It is, as I understand it, not true that East India Company ships were frequently seen in American ports, at least not flying the 'gridiron' flag. Also, the Straits Settlements did fall under the East India Company, but not after the company was dissolved in 1858, 105 years before the Malaysian flag was adopted. Absent any legislative history supporting this theory, it seems to me less persuasive than the hypothetical connection to the Stars and Stripes.
Joseph McMillan
, 15 January 2003
The very construction of the Malaysian flag, with its much larger blue canton [cf. the Johore war ensign], is virtually a denial of US influence. Whether the red-and-white stripes in the Malaysian flag can be derived from theEast India Company is a moot point, but the popularity of red and white in the East Indies (Malaysia and Indonesia [cf. for instance the Indonesian jack]) predates any influence on the part of either Britain or the United States. Red and white are part of the traditional colours of the Malagasy people, too, remember — a people whose origins are in Borneo.
Mike Oettle
, 19 January 2003
The founding fathers of Malaysia definitely had no reason to imitate the US flag. To find out the reason for the design of Malaysian flags, we have to check on the political history of Malaysia at the time of the independence. Malaysian politics till today comprises three distinct political parties each representing the 3 ethnic races of Malaysia - Malays, Chinese and Indians:
UMNO: United Malay National Organisation -represent the Malays
MCA: Malaysian Chinese Association-represent the Chinese
MIC: Malaysian Indian Congress -represent the Indians

The flags of the MCA is blue field with a yellow sun. The MIC flag is red and white stripe with MIC in Tamil and English at the centre. Now merge these two flags - the MCA flag on the canton and the MIC flags without the blue stripes on the fly. The crescent moon on the canton represent Islam hence the Malays.
Nadarajan V, 1 June 2009
At a Penang state track and field meet was last week I met an elderly gentleman (Mr. Ibrihim). He introduced himself and then began to ask questions about me...and after a while, he pointed to a Malaysian flag and asked me if the flag made me feel "at home" in any way. He then said that he was asking the question from a flag similarity standpoint. Surprisingly, he then said; "We intentionally copied the American flag you know." I said; "Really? How so?"
He said that in those days, there was a good deal of positive sentiment about the US and that the newly independent Malaya wanted to mimic the US form of government in as many ways as possible. They wanted to draft a constitution that was similar to that of the US and they were hopeful that they would develop as a nation as successfully as America had. Additionally, he said that the Malay were grateful for US intervention during WW II while also quietly encouraging the British to "let go" after the war ended. He said that the US flag serving as inspiration for the design of Malaya's flag was a natural sort of process and simply seemed like "the way to go." I was amazed that I was getting to listen to Mr. Ibrihim's story and asked him how he knew all of this. He then let me know that he had been a Malay state representative from Penang during and right after independence came along.
About that time, I had to excuse myself and said that I would return in a few minutes. When I got back to my seat, Mr. Ibrihim was gone. I never got to probe further relative to his story. I hope to track Mr. Ibrihim down soon.
Clay Moss, 11 April 2010

Name of the Flag: Jalur Gemilang

The Flag Bulletin [tfb], #186, March-April 1999, page 74, says under the heading "Flag News and Notes" [smi99e]:
Malaysia: The government of Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad has introduced many changes into the economic, political and social systems of Malaysia. On the 40th anniversary of the country's independence, 31 August 1997, provision was made for an official name for the national flag. The version chosen, Jalur Gemilang, combines a Malay word meaning "stripes" or "range of values" with the adjective ("gemilang") signifying "glorious". No change was introduced in the design of the flag.

Santiago Dotor, 20 December 1999

Vertical hanging of the flag

[Malaysia - vertical flag] 
 image by Eugene Ipavec, 14 July 2005
A vertical, swallow-tailed Malaysian flag was shown in a TV documentary. I don't know how official it is, but it was hanging outside the Petronas Towers--a position of that visibility may mean something.
Eugene Ipavec, 14 July 2005

2:3 variant

[Malaysia - 2:3 variant]
 image by Clay Moss, 6 January 2006

Broad Bottom Stripe

Sometimes seen is a typical Malysian national flag, except that the bottom white stripe wis abnormally wide, perhaps twice as wide as the others, maybe a bit less.
Jorge Candeias, 20 June 2009
There are lots of those type Malaysian flags flying here and there. They are printed cotton broad cloth and come in all sizes. Whoever makes/made them will simply get their screens a bit too narrow for whatever width they are trying to print. Usually the manufacturer is working with a piece of material that is pre-woven with tapered locked edges. That way, the flags do not have to be hemmed on the top or bottom. So, all they do is print, hem the fly and hoist and sell.
Clay Moss, 21 June 2009

Flags in Malaysia

Malaysia is really a good place for flag spotting. Flags are almost all over the place and not only the Malaysian flag but also all 14 states flags. People put little flags on their cars or inside their cars, they also use stickers with Malaysian flag and inscription 'Proud to be Malaysian' and so on. If you visit Kuala Lumpur you must go to the Merdeka Square and see one of the tallest flag poles in the world (100 metres). The Union Jack was lowered at midnight on August 30, 1957 and the Malayan flag hoisted up for the first time. It is really magnificent. There are Malaysian and Federal Territory flags in front of the court building and all 14 states flags under the huge pole. The flag is really big and it's really great when you see it from different parts of the city. Here is a little picture of the Merdeka Square with the tall flag pole.
Uros Zizmund, 25 July 1999
I found this flag related news in the East Malaysian Daily Express online version 13 April 2001:
Kota Kinabalu: Fifty-eight students from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 10th College and Kolej Ibukota Kinabalu (KIK) fought coldness and fatigue to unveil Malaysia's largest Jalur Gemilang (national flag) on the summit of Mt Kinabalu last week. On Thursday, they once again unveiled the 118m x 77m flag at the KIK main campus football field in an attempt to enter the Malaysia Book of Records.Organised by the UPM 10th College undergraduate supreme council in collaboration with KIK, as the main sponsor, the project cost some RM20,000 and it took the students four months to prepare the flag. (...)
Strange dimensions, 118m x 77m, giving a proportion of (almost exactly) 13:20, as opposed to the official ratio of 1:2.   Santiago Dotor, 16 April 2001

KERIS MORO


This is the Kris sword of the Mindanao region of the Philippines. It is also locally known in areas around mindanao as Kalis or Sundang depending on the dialect. It is a weapon that is unique to this region of Southeast Asia, and is considered an evolution of the more dagger like indonesian keris dagger. The Kris is an iconic blade of the islamic Moro warriors of Mindanao's islands.

It's a very common symbol used in Eskrima and Arnis (The fighing arts of the phillippines) school insignias because of how bravely the moros fought against spanish invaders centuries ago. Although Eskrima and Arnis have very strong european sword combat influences and many argue that moden Arnis and Eskrima differ extremely from Moro Silat, the Kris is used as a symbol of respect; a nod to our forefathers, if you will.

The design of the blade itself, although associated with Muslims in Southeast Asia, is actually steeped in an older Pre-Islamic tradition. You see, the waves of the blade symbolize the Naga; a mythical serpentine dragon that was worshipped in the aministic days of Malay history. Here are some examples of the Kris

This image is reduced by 62%, click it to view full size.


This image is reduced by 32%, click it to view full size.

As you can see, Kris can vary between being long and thin to being shorter and more broad bladed. Some blades are completely straight while others can be completely waved. The examples I have shown you are known as Kalis Seko or "Five-waved"/"Half-waved Kris". Each tribe and region of mindanao had their preference and characteristic features. A lot of collectors of Kris antiques can tell the difference just by looking at one, for example whether a certain Kris is from the Yakan tribe or if it's of Sulu or manguindanao origin.

You may also have noticed that the blade extends towards the handle to form a guard. This serves a dual purpose to protect the hand, and to demonstrate artistic ability. This guard extention, called the gangya, has one long side and one short side. Many historians say that the short side is a stylized representation of the Elephant God Ganesha, which can be explained because the phillippines and much of southeast asia was once part of India's Majapahit Empire, and may have influenced the culture and the art. The long part of the gangyais debated on still. Many believe they're talismanic engravings and some believe them to represent the tail end of the Naga.

Let's take a closer look so you can draw your own conclusions:

This image is reduced by 32%, click it to view full size.

And even more so you can appreciate the diversity in design. The pommels of the hilts can represent anything from a Horse's hoof to a kakatua or rooster head.

There are two kakatua pommels in the following pic. Can you spot them?

This image is reduced by 13%, click it to view full size.




Here are more pics of various antique Kris from another forum I frequent:


Quote:
Interesting find: Straight bladed kris with bolo-type tip. Still appears to be double-edged.

Beautiful horse hoof pommel. very nice hilt wrappings

Very interesting engravings. They're pretty shallow for engravings on kris, but I've seen similar example on one or two other kris, mostly ones that look like they would be used in battle and not decoratve junggayan type kris.

[image]

[image]

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[image]



Quote:
Kris with gorgeous twistcore fullers:

[image]

[image]

[image]



Quote:
Some of my favorite weapons are the Moro Kris. Here are a few examples. Some kris have wavy blades while others are straight. Seems to be more of an owner's preference. All, even the very high end pieces are razor sharp and deadly weapons. All featured here are handmade laminated blades. Usual overall length about 31"

Scabbards are somewhat rare because the Moro usually dropped them when going into battle so they would not get in the way.

The first is a battle kris. Standard scabbard. This was built for fighting.
This image is reduced by 13%, click it to view full size.


This is a heirloom kris that is featured in Robert Cato's book, "Moro Swords." Note the engraving on the blade and ivory pommel. This was probably made for a wealthy noble.
[image]  [image]

This is a Datu piece. Tribal chief. Note the large danagan ivory pommel.
[image]  [image]

Lastly a very good twistcore inlaid with gold. Probably made for a Sultan or king.
[image]  [image]

Hope that you enjoy. I love these things!



Quote:
Here is a kakatua silver hilt on a kris I have. This style hilt is quite rare and called a Jungayyan. I am looking for one in ivory though the silver is said to be the rarest. Have one in horn also if you want to see more pictures.

There is some question as to whether it should look like a kakatua with the blade up or down. Here it is both ways. This may be a little better representation. It is about 7 inches long.

Here it is right side up

[image]


So you don't get a crick in your neck I turned this upside

[image]


Here is a picture of the overall

This image is reduced by 13%, click it to view full size.



Quote:
Absolutely. BUT all Moro swords are razor sharp, laminated blades, even and especially the ceremonial pieces.

Here is one that has THE sweetest balance. Well done, no nonsense. I call it the "Hitman," because I think it belonged to a bodyguard or someone who did not care about frills. Just wanted a good, solid slasher. This type pommel would not let it slip from your hand, but it also would not get in your way.


[image]  [image]

Quality shaping, file and casting work are excellent, but not overdone. A blade for a skilled craftsman who knew how to use it.
[image]


Sunday, May 29, 2011

KADAR LESEN KENDERAAN MOTOR (LKM) MALAYSIA


GARIS PANDUAN PENGIRAAN KADAR LESEN KENDERAAN MOTOR (LKM) BAGI KENDERAAN DI SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA, SABAH DAN SARAWAK (PINDAAN SELEPAS BAJET 2009) [as at 29 Mei 2011]

1. SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA, PULAU PANGKOR & PULAU LANGKAWI

1.1 SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA

1.1.1 Motosikal
Kod kegunaan : AA (Motosikal)

i. LKM bagi motosikal dengan kapasiti enjin 150ccdan ke bawah dikekalkan pada kadar sedia ada.
ii. Kadar LKM bagi motosikal dengan kapasiti melebihi 150cc adalah ditetapkan pada kadar tetap seperti berikut:-

Kapasiti Enjin Kadar
151cc hingga 200cc  ---->RM 30.00
201cc hingga 250cc ----> RM 50.00
251cc hingga 500cc ----> RM 180.00
501cc hingga 800cc ---->RM 250.00
Melebihi 800cc  ---->RM 350.00

1.1.2 Motokar Saloon Persendirian Milik Individu
Kod Kegunaan : AB (Individu) Bahan Bakar : Petrol/diesel/diesel hijau

i) Motokar berkapasiti enjin 1600cc dan ke bawah
dikenakan kadar tetap (flat) seperti berikut:

Kapasiti Enjin Kadar
1000cc dan ke bawah ----> RM 20.00
1001cc hingga 1200cc  ---->RM 55.00
1201cc hingga 1400cc ---->RM 70.00
1401cc hingga 1600cc  ---->RM 90.00

ii) Motokar berkapasiti enjin melebihi 1600cc dikenakan kadar asas dan tambahan kadar progresif seperti berikut:

Kapasiti Enjin Kadar Asas Kadar Progresif
1601 hingga 1800cc    ----> RM 200.00 RM 0.40 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 1600cc
1801cc hingga 2000cc ----> RM 280.00 RM 0.50 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 1800cc
2001cc hingga 2500cc ----> RM 380.00 RM 1.00 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 2000cc
2501cc hingga3000cc  ----> RM 880.00 RM 2.50 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 2500cc
Melebihi 3000cc           ----> RM 2,130.00 RM 4.50 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 3000cc

1.1.3 Motokar Saloon Persendirian Milik Syarikat
Kod Kegunaan : AC (Syarikat) Bahan Bakar : Petrol/diesel/diesel hijau
i) Motokar berkapasiti enjin 1600cc dan ke bawah dikenakan kadar tetap (flat) seperti berikut:

Kapasiti Enjin Kadar
1000cc dan ke bawah  ---->RM 20.00
1001cc hingga 1200cc  ---->RM 110.00
1201cc hingga 1400cc  ---->RM 140.00
1401cc hingga 1600cc  ---->RM 180.00

ii) Motokar berkapasiti enjin melebihi 1600cc dikenakan kadar asas dan tambahan kadar progresif seperti berikut:

Kapasiti Enjin Kadar Asas Kadar Progresif
1601 hingga 1800cc  ---->RM 400.00 RM 0.80 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 1600cc
1801cc hingga 2000cc  ---->RM 560.00 RM 1.00 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 1800cc
2001cc hingga 2500cc  ---->RM 760.00 RM 3.00 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 2000cc
2501cc hingga 3000cc  ---->RM 2,260.00 RM7.50 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 2500cc
Melebihi 3000cc R ---->M 6,010.00 RM13.50 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 3000cc

1.1.4 Kenderaan Persendirian Selain Motokar Saloon Milik Individu Dan Syarikat
Kod Kegunaan : AD (Individu) AE (Syarikat) Bahan Bakar : Petrol/diesel/diesel hijau

i) Motokar berkapasiti enjin 1600cc dan ke bawah dikenakan kadar tetap(flat) seperti berikut:

Kapasiti Enjin Kadar
1000cc dan ke bawah ----> RM 20.00
1001cc hingga 1200cc ----> RM 85.00
1201cc hingga 1400cc  ---->RM 100.00
1401cc hingga 1600cc  ---->RM 120.00

ii) Motokar berkapasiti enjin melebihi 1600cc dikenakan kadar asas dan tambahan kadar progresif seperti berikut:

Kapasiti Enjin Kadar Asas Kadar Progresif
1601 hingga 1800cc  ---->RM 300.00 RM 0.30 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 1600cc
1801cc hingga 2000cc ---->RM 360.00 RM 0.40 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 1800cc
2001cc hingga 2500cc  ---->RM 440.00 RM 0.80 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 2000cc
2501cc hingga 3000cc  ---->RM840.00 RM1.60 untuk setiapperbezaan cc berbanding 2500cc
Melebihi 3000cc ---->RM 1,640.00 RM1.60 untuk setiap perbezaan cc berbanding 3000cc

Tips Penjagaan Tayar Kereta

Berikut beberapa panduan apabila anda mahu menukar tayar kereta.

PERTAMA
Pilih saiz yang sesuai dengan keupayaan kereta kita. Sebagai contoh, jika Proton Wira 1.3 dan hendak menggunakan sport rim, cukuplah setakat saiz rim 14 inci kerana jika menggunakan saiz 15 inci, kekuatan pecutan kereta akan menurun, speedometer tidak merekodkan bacaan tepat, semua peralatan penyerap hentak akan lebih pendek jangka hayat.

KEDUA
Selepas mendapat saiz sesuai, Prhatikan di bahagian tepi tayar. Terdapat satu rangkaian nombor yang dicetak tenggelam ke permukaan tepi tayar. Sebenarnya rangkaian nombor ini memberikan kita maklumat mengenai tarikh tayar dikilangkan (minggu dan tahun).

Maklumat ini kita boleh gunakan untuk tujuan keselamatan. Mengikut piawaian tayar antarabangsa, ia hanya boleh bertahan selama 2 tahun selepas dikilangkan.


KETIGA
Mengenai saiz, cuba perhatikan rangkaian nombor dan huruf yang tercetak timbul di permukaan tepi tayar.
Sebagai contoh 205/50 VR 16 bermaksud tayar itu mempunyai
kelebaran 205 mm, ketebalan (dari rim ke permukana jalan) adalah 50 peratus daripada kelebaran 205 mm dan untuk kegunaan rim bersaiz 16 inci.
Huruf VR bermaksud, tayar itu sesuai untuk kelajuan sehingga 240 km/j tanpa menjejaskan kekuatan dan ketahanan tayar.

KEEMPAT
Kebanyakan kita lebih suka memilih tayar import. Bagaimanapun, kebanyakan tayar berkenaan dibuat berdasarkan iklim dan apabila digunakan di Malaysia yang panas terik, jangka hayatnya lebih pendek
KELIMATayar sepatutnya ditukar kedudukannya setiap tiga bulan. Caranya, tayar depan kiri ditukarkan ke kanan belakang dan tayar depan kanan ditukarkan ke kiri belakang.

KEENAMSekiranya kadar kehausan bunga di bahagian tepi kiri dan kanan lebih cepat berbanding di tengah, ini bermaksud selama tekanan angin tayar kurang.
Sekian...
Tyre Maintenance 



This includes checking all suspension components to ensure there are no worn parts before they cause costly problems and a computer four wheel alignment. Please note, once a wear pattern has started, the wear pattern will continue even after the alignment, so if you plan to purchase new tires, get your alignment immediately following. Have your vehicle aligned at least once a year and sooner if you notice the following: Excessive or uneven tire wear, steering wheel pulls to the left or right, feeling of looseness or wandering, steering wheel is not centered when car is moving straight ahead.
edited by deensokmo
Ada segelintir di antara kita telah mengetahui perkara ini, tapi bagi mereka yang belum gunakan ini sebagai panduan. Saya pun tak tahu ini kali berapa ader yang post pasal tayar...anggaplah ini sebagai ilmu.

1. Mula-mula pilih saiz yang sesuai dengan keupayaan kereta kita. Kalau Sentra standard, dan kita hendak menggunakan sport rim, cukuplah setakat saiz rim 16 inci. kerana jika kita menggunakan saiz 17 inci, kekuatan pecutan kereta akan menurun, speedometer tidak merekodkan bacaan yang tepat, kesemua peralatan penyerap hentak akan lebih pendek jangkahayatnya dan yang paling penting, minyak akan lebih sedikit.

2. Selepas mendapat saiz yang sesuai, cuba perhatikan di bahagian tepi tayar. Terdapat satu rangkaian nombor yang seperti dicetak tenggelam ke permukaan tepi tayar. Sebenarnya rangkaian nombor ini memberikan kita maklumat mengenai tarikh tayar di kilangkan (minggu dan tahun) dan batch pengeluaran di kilang. Jadi apabila tayar tidak memenuhi spesifikasi , maka senang bagi pihak pengeluar menarik balik tayar di pasaran. Maklumat ini kita boleh gunakan untuk tujuan keselamatan. Mengikut piawaian tayar antarabangsa, tayar hanya boleh bertahan selama 2 tahun selepas di kilang (selepas tempoh itu getah tayar akan mati (keras) dan tidak selamt digunakan). Saya beri contoh rangkaian nombor yang ada 4001 bermaksud tayar tersebut di kilang pada munggu ke 40 tahun 2001 dan tarikh expired tayar tersebut sepatutnya minggu ke 40 tahun 2003. Jadi sekiranya kita dapat ada kedai yang menjual tayar dengan harga yang luarbiasa murahnya, cuba periksa tarikh tayar tersebut di kilang, mungkin tayar tersebut adalah tayar yang telah tamat tempoh penggunaannya. Dari pengalaman yang pernah diceritakan kepada saya, tayar yang telah tamat tempoh ini akan lebih senang meletup semasa kelajuan tinggi.

3. Tentang saiz tayar, cuba perhatikan rangkaian nombor dan huruf yang tercetak timbul di permukaan tepi tayar. Biasanya seperti contoh ini 205/50 VR 16 maksudnya, tayar itu mempunyai kelebaran 205 mm, ketebalan tayar (dari rim ke permukana jalan) adalah 50 % dari kelebaran 205 mm, dan untuk kegunaan rim bersaiz diameter 16 inci. Huruf VR bermaksud, tayar tersebut sesuai untuk kelajuan sehingga 240 km/j tanpa menjejaskan kekuatan dan ketahanan tayar. Sekiranya dipandu lebih dari kelajuan tersebut, sifat fizikal akan berubah dan besar kemungkinan tayar tidak lagi berfungsi dengan baik.

4. Tentang jenis tayar pula, kebanyakkan kita lebih suka memilih tayar import terutama dari Japan. Harganya lebih mahal dan dikatakan lebih lembut. Memang benar, tayar seperti michelin, yokohama, falken etc. lebih lembut kerana, tayar tersebut dibuat berdasarkan iklim sederhana yang kurang panas dan apabila digunakan di Malaysia yang sememangnya panas terik, tayar tersebut akan mempunyai jangkahayat yang pendek (cepat habis bunganya). Kebisingan tayar adalah bergantung kepada bunga tayar. Lebih senyap sesuatu tayar, maka lebih rapat bunga tayarnya dan tidak sesuai untuk permukaan jalan yang basah. Lebih bising tayar, lebih mencengkam dan sesuai pada permukaan yang basah. Jadi kalau kita hendakkan tayar yang senyap, kita terpaksa lebih berhati-heti semasa hujan.

5. Tayar sepatutnya di tukar kedudukannya setiap 3 bulan. Caranya, tayar depan kiri ditukarkan ke kanan belakang dan tayar depan kanan ditukarkan ke kiri belakang (untuk 4 tayar sama saiz). Lebih baik sekiranya tayar simpanan/ganti juga di masukkan ke dalam rotation tukaran tayar. Caranya, masukan tayar ganti ke kanan belakang, belakang kanan ke depan kanan, depan kanan ke belakang kiri, depan kiri ke dalam boot ganti, belakang kiri ke depan kiri. Semua rotation ini bergantung kepad jenis kereta, sistem pacuan dan sistem suspensi kereta.

6. Jika kita perhatikan bunga tayar selepas beberapa lama. Bunga mula menghaus. Sekiranya kadar kehabisan bunga di bahagian tepi kiri kanan tayar lebih cepat berbanding di bahagian tengah, ini bermaksud selama tekanan tayar adalah kurang dari yang sepatutnya. Sekiranya bahagian tengah lebih cepat haus, maksudnya tekanan terlalu tinggi. Sekiranya haus di bahagian luar sahaja, tayar kita terlalu mencapah ke dalam dan jika haus bahgian dalam sahaja, tayar kita terlalu mancapah ke luar (alligment tayar perlu dibetulkan). Sekiranya bunga tayar yang haus tidak sekata (turun naik), maka absorber kita perlulah diganti.

Sekian

jetturboextreme.

TAYAR komponen paling utama dan terpenting bagi sesebuah kenderaan. Jika rosak, ia boleh menyebabkan kemalangan, sekali gus mengancam nyawa pemandu dan penumpang tanpa diduga. Cuba periksa tayar kereta anda. Perhatikan di antara satu bunga tayar dengan satu bunga tayar lain terdapat satu penyambung. Jika penyambung itu mempunyai ketinggian yang sama dengan bunga, inibermakna ia perlu ditukar dalam tempoh tiga hingga empat bulan, bergantung kepada sekerap manaanda menggunakan kenderaan

Monday, May 16, 2011

6 wanita Osama


6 wanita Osama
Oleh Hazirah Che Sab

2011/05/15

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Pemimpin kelahiran Arab Saudi berusia 54 tahun itu meninggalkan zaman bujangnya pada usia semuda 17 tahun apabila mengahwini Najwa Ghanem, sepupunya pada tahun 1974. Perkahwinan yang diatur keluarga itu akhirnya menemui noktah pada 2001, sebelum serangan 11 September dilancarkan. 

Namun perkahwinan 27 tahun itu diserikan kehadiran 11 anak termasuk Abdullah, yang kini menerajui firma pengiklanan di Jeddah, Arab Saudi; Saad, yang mungkin maut dalam serangan Amerika di Pakistan pada 2009; Omar, seorang ahli perniagaan yang mencetuskan kontroversi mengahwini wanita Britain, Jane Felix-Browne pada 2007 dan Mohammed, dipercayai anak kesayangan Osama, yang mengahwini anak perempuan orang kanan al-Qaeda, Mohammed Atef. Mohammed terbunuh dalam serangan Amerika pada 2001. 

Najwa kemudian bermadu dengan Khadijah Sharif yang sembilan tahun lebih tua daripadanya pada tahun 1983 dan mereka memiliki tiga anak. Khadijah berpendidikan tinggi dan didakwa berketurunan Nabi Muhammad. Mereka kemudian bercerai ketika menetap di Sudan pada 1990-an dan Khadijah dilaporkan kembali ke Arab Saudi. Menurut pengawal peribadi Osama, Khadijah yang memohon untuk bercerai kerana tidak sanggup lagi hidup susah dengan pemimpin al-Qaeda itu. 

Isteri ketiga Osama pula bukan calang-calang sebaliknya diatur sendiri oleh Najwa. Khairiah Sabar yang mengahwini Osama pada 1985, juga wanita berpendidikan tinggi dengan kelulusan peringkat doktor falsafah dalam undang-undang Islam. Namun, tidak diketahui sama ada wanita itu selamat dalam serangan pada 2001 ke atas kem al-Qaeda di Afghanistan. Anak lelaki pasangan itu, Hamza pula dilingkari pelbagai laporan yang ada mendakwanya mati dibunuh dalam operasi ketenteraan Amerika minggu lalu, manakala satu lagi laporan media mendakwa dia berjaya memboloskan diri. Hamza ditampilkan dalam video al-Qaeda sebagai remaja dan dilatih untuk memimpin pertubuhan yang diasaskan oleh bapanya. Dia juga pernah disebut dalam autobiografi bekas Perdana Menteri Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto, yang diterbitkan selepas kematiannya, sebagai merancang pembunuhan wanita itu. 
Kuota memiliki isteri dalam Islam cukup buat Osama apabila dia mengahwini Siham Sabar sebagai isteri keempat pada tahun 1987 dan memilik empat anak termasuk Khalid yang pada awalnya disangka Hamza. Siham juga dikatakan berketurunan Nabi Muhammad. Siham kekal di Afghanistan dengan Osama selepas serangan 11 September dan tidak diketahui sama ada dia atau anaknya selamat dengan kempen ketenteraan Amerika pada 2001 di negara itu. 

Tidak lama selepas Khadijah meninggalkan Osama pada tahun 1990-an dan kembali ke Arab Saudi, Osama memenuhkan semula kuota empat isteri dengan mengahwini seorang wanita lain di Khartoum, Sudan. Namun tidak banyak diketahui mengenai perkahwinan kelimanya kerana ia dibatalkan dalam masa 48 jam! 

Perkahwinan keenam Osama terjadi apabila pemimpin itu dihadiahkan dengan seorang gadis, Amal Ahmed al-Sadah, 17, sebagai isteri pada 2000 iaitu ketika Osama berusia 44 tahun, sebagai tanda memeterai perjanjian antara Osama dan satu puak yang dilihat berpotensi merekrut anggota al-Qaeda di Yaman. 

Perkahwinan Osama dengan Amal itu juga dilaporkan diatur oleh pemimpin al-Qaeda di Yaman, Sheikh Mohammed Rashed Saeed Ismail. 

Menggambarkan Amala, Sheikh Mohammed Rashed, berkata: “Berasal dari keluarga sederhana Yaman, Amal boleh hidup susah dengan Osama dalam gua di kawasan pergunungan dan menjadi seseorang yang boleh Osama bentuk. 

“Amala juga tidak kisah mengahwini lelaki sebaya bapanya dan amat percaya menjadi isteri yang taat dan setia kepada suami akan memberinya tempat di syurga.” 

Amal yang berwajah cantik, tinggal bersama-sama Osama di Abbottabad, Pakistan sejak 2005 sehinggalah ke saat kematiannya. Malah, dia dikatakan sanggup bergadai nyawa menjadi perisai Osama daripada serangan komando Amerika, yang menyebabkannya turut cedera ditembak pada kakinya. 

Anak pertama mereka dilahirkan sejurus selepas serangan 11 September 2001 yang dinamakan Safiya, sempena nama seorang tokoh wanita yang membunuh perisik Yahudi. Safiya dilaporkan berada dalam kediaman berkenaan ketika serbuan yang meragut nyawa bapanya. Tidak diketahui sama ada pasangan itu mempunyai anak lain. Namun, berita kematian Osama disambut kini menebarkan berita mengenai ramainya lelaki, khususnya di Yaman yang sudi mengahwini janda Osama ini andai Amal kembali ke negara asalnya. 

Setakat rencana ini ditulis, Amal dilaporkan masih dalam tahanan Pakistan dan menjadi sasaran pihak berkuasa Amerika untuk ditahan. Sudah pasti nasibnya selepas ini akan diekori rapat ramai yang bukan saja mahu mengetahui kesudahan dirinya. 

Biar apa yang dilabelkan Amerika dan dunia kepada Osama, cuma wanita yang pernah berkongsi hidup dengannya yang lebih mengenali pemimpin al-Qaeda itu. 

DAHAGI SINGAPURA

DAHAGI SINGAPURA. KENAPA penentangan terhadap penjajahan  dikatakan PEMBERONTAKAN? Paling mengecewakan apabila Melayu dan orang Islam menjad...